07.07.09

Have you not been to the Yellowstone Park? Not a question now. Look at a geyser in the caldera of Uzon volcano: flat dessert and a column of steam. Though the geyser is not very powerful: the height of fountain is only 5-6 m and the duration of eruption is only 25 sec. It does not erupt regularly, but often. The period is from 8 to 30 min. The geyser is special: almost only steam yields, the water discharge is small. All the water, forced up in the time of eruption, falls back into the bath of the geyser. Theoretically the mechanism of function of this geyser is similar to the model of White (beginning of the last century), who considered that geysers function only because of steam (separated from magma). Whereas all known in the world geysers yield water-steam mix and range just by the power of eruption, quantity of yield in tons per one eruption. The mechanism of function of every particular geyser is not known. A geyser can function due to the peculiarities of geometry of underground channels. For example, due to the presence of underground cavity, rising to the surface of which is situated not in the arch but next to it, that allows steam to accumulate (the model of Iwasaki of 1950s and A. Nechaev). The model of mixed hot water (or steam) and cold water (mathematic description of A.G. Merzhanov and Steinberg brothers) is better known. General for all gas-liquid vertical flows (volcanoes, gas-cut oil, carbonic acid water) is the bore-hole modal, developed in the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far East Department of the Russian Academy of Science. There are geysers, in the mechanism of which there are the elements of several models. For example, in the function of Velican there are the elements of the two latest models. (In more detail see www.ch0103.emsd.iks.ru). Prior to the geyser there was the spring “Pulsirujuzhy” (“Pulsating”). Now the eruption crushes water in the bath, washes clay particles and exposes hard tuff. It is interesting if the work of geyser will depend on the weather, that is when the air temperature goes down. Will it function in winter? 

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